Vector Graphics is a method of creating a computer image that is constructed by processing a mathematical description in special software. Unlike raster drawing, which is a set of pixels of different colors, a vector image is a set of primitives (lines, curves, squares, circles) described by mathematical formulas. The drawing is generated as a file, which contains data on coordinates of points and on the line intersecting the reference points. In addition, the file includes information about the applied effects.
This principle of building a digital image makes it possible to scale it, change size without reducing quality, change shape, and regroup primitives to create new drawings based on the original objects. Vectorization of schemes and drawings – that is where the properties of such graphics come in handy. In addition, such a file takes up much less space than a bitmap file, which contains a considerable amount of information, including data about each pixel, its coordinates, color, and other parameters.
Where vector graphics are used
Given what is vector graphics, it is clear that its scope includes various areas where it is important to obtain graphic images of high accuracy, which can be modified and scaled while maintaining high quality.
The main areas of vector application include such industries:
- advertising production;
- printing production;
- architecture and design;
- preparation of drawings, diagrams, maps;
- printed publications, etc.
In addition, vector capabilities are used in many other industries as well, for example, when creating design developments.
The difference between a vector and a raster
The differences lie in the principle of image formation. Raster format uses colored pixels on a graphical grid, from which the picture is created. This allows you to create a high level of quality graphics and provide a high level of editing accuracy. However, the size of files with high detail can be just enormous. Another major disadvantage of a raster is the limitations on scaling. As you enlarge the image, the pixels move away from each other, so the quality of the picture deteriorates.
Vector Graphics are simple mathematical objects (points, lines, curves, etc.) that are arranged by coordinates and described by formulas. It does not require too much storage space, which reduces the size of the files. The most important plus of the vector is the possibility of unlimited scaling without loss of quality. Images can also be easily edited.
Clearly the differences between the two types of digital graphics can be demonstrated on the example of images made by both methods.
In this picture you can clearly see the problems with the scalability of bitmap images. When it is enlarged, it gets “washed out” and breaks up into pixels. At a certain point, the quality becomes unacceptably low. An image in a vector, on the contrary, can be scaled up and stretched almost endlessly, with no loss of quality.
Note that graphics made in vector format can easily be converted to bitmap. For example, a vector-drawn scheme, map or drawing can be scaled and then converted to a bitmap of desired resolution. The reverse conversion is much more difficult, and always leads to deterioration of quality.
